MAYO-JUNIO 2022 · MODELO HInglés
20 preguntas · respuesta correcta señalada y explicada paso a paso
TEXTO DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA
Psychology can be defined as the study of mental processes and behaviour. The term comes from the Greek words psyche, meaning "breath, spirit, soul," and logia, meaning "study of." Psychology has not always existed as it has today. In fact, it is considered a relatively young discipline, although as one eminent psychologist explained, it has a short past but a long history. It emerged from biology and philosophy and is closely linked to other disciplines including sociology, medicine, linguistics, and anthropology, although nowadays it is a science in itself.
Psychology has quickly grown to play a tremendous role in the world today. Psychologists are employed in hospitals, mental health clinics, schools, colleges and universities, government agencies, private businesses, and private practices. They perform many different tasks and roles, from treating mental illness, performing research on a wide range of areas to influencing public health policy.
Psychology is a source of fascination for many people. By learning about the basics of behaviour and the human mind, people are able to gain a greater understanding of themselves and others. Psychologists also play a vital role in health care by caring for individuals experiencing mental health problems, investigating treatment options, and teaching patients how to manage their symptoms effectively.
For some people, an interest in psychology starts from a desire to continue a career in the field. Others may simply want to learn more out of curiosity or because they are thinking about consulting a psychologist for help with a health concern. No matter what the reason, building a better understanding of topics such as emotion, motivation, cognition, love, communication, and research methods will serve you well.
01Comprensión lectora
According to the text, psychology as we know it today is…
aquite a recent science.✓ correcta
ba discipline which has been like today for many centuries.
cjust a combination of several disciplines.
Por qué: El texto dice que la psicología es “a relatively young discipline” con “a short past but a long history” — es decir, tal y como la conocemos hoy es bastante reciente, no lleva siglos igual ni es solo una combinación de otras disciplinas (aunque surgió de ellas, hoy es “a science in itself”).
02Comprensión lectora
Check the option that best matches the meaning of the expression “a wide range of areas” in the second paragraph.
aA limited number of topics.
bVery specific aspects.
cMany different fields.✓ correcta
Por qué: “A wide range of areas” significa un abanico amplio y variado de campos, lo contrario de un número limitado o de aspectos muy específicos.
03Comprensión lectora
Which of these expressions is the best synonym for “caring for” in the third paragraph?
aLooking for.
bLooking after.✓ correcta
cLooking up to.
Por qué: “Caring for” (cuidar de alguien) equivale a “looking after” (cuidar/atender a alguien). “Looking for” es “buscar” y “looking up to” es “admirar a alguien”.
04Comprensión lectora
Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the text?
aWe can learn a lot about ourselves by studying the basic ideas of psychology.
bPsychologists work mostly in mental health clinics.✓ correcta
cPsychology is related to several other areas of study.
Por qué: El texto enumera muchos lugares donde trabajan los psicólogos (hospitales, clínicas, colegios, universidades, empresas, administraciones...), no dice que trabajen “sobre todo” en clínicas de salud mental — eso es una afirmación no respaldada por el texto.
05Comprensión lectora
In the last paragraph, the author…
arecommends psychology as an interesting discipline for everybody.✓ correcta
bindicates psychology only for people who want to become professional psychologists.
cthinks a lot of people are interested in psychology for the wrong reasons.
Por qué: El texto dice que entender mejor temas como la emoción, la motivación o la comunicación “will serve you well” sea cual sea el motivo (carrera profesional, curiosidad o consulta personal), es decir, lo presenta como valioso para cualquiera, no solo para futuros profesionales.
06Pronombres
His wife entered ___ own bedroom and took the box with ___.
atheirs/her
btheir/she
ctheir/her✓ correcta
Por qué: “Their own bedroom” es el adjetivo posesivo (su propio dormitorio) y “with her” es el pronombre objeto tras la preposición “with”.
07Modales
Jenny has a bad headache. Does she want my advice? She ___ call emergencies.
aneed
bhave got to
cshould✓ correcta
Por qué: “Should” es el modal correcto para dar un consejo (debería llamar a emergencias). “Need” está mal conjugado en tercera persona y “have got to” expresa obligación más fuerte, no un consejo.
08Cuantificadores
___ many high street banks in the UK.
aThere is
bThere are✓ correcta
cThere be
Por qué: “Many high street banks” es plural, así que corresponde “there are”, no “there is”.
09Cuantificadores
The children usually added ___ ham to their cheese and bacon sandwiches.
asome✓ correcta
ba few
ca lot
Por qué: “Ham” es un sustantivo incontable, así que corresponde “some”. “A few” se usa con contables y “a lot” necesitaría “of” (a lot of).
10Vocabulario
At school we have a(n) ___ for lunch at 1:00 p.m.
ainterval
bstop
cbreak✓ correcta
Por qué: “Break” es la palabra habitual para el descanso/recreo en el colegio. “Interval” se usa más en contextos como el teatro y “stop” es una parada, no un descanso.
11Preposiciones
The morning boat reached Aberdeen ___ 6 p.m. ___ the evening.
aon/on
bon/at
cat/in✓ correcta
Por qué: Con horas se usa “at” (at 6 p.m.) y con partes del día como “the evening” se usa “in” (in the evening).
12Comparativos y superlativos
Sutton Manor is ___ house of all.
athe biggest✓ correcta
bmost big
cthe most bigger
Por qué: “Big” es un adjetivo corto, así que su superlativo se forma con “the + adjetivo + est”: “the biggest”. Las otras dos son formas incorrectas.
13Oraciones condicionales
If her student ended the exam early, we ___ work together later on.
awould leave✓ correcta
bwill leave
cleft
Por qué: Es un segundo condicional (hipotético/poco probable): “if” + pasado simple (“ended”) en la condición, y “would” + infinitivo (“would leave”) en la consecuencia. “Will leave” correspondería a un primer condicional (con presente en la condición, no pasado) y “left” no es una forma verbal válida ahí.
14Voz pasiva
Seleccione la oración pasiva correcta:
aThe shop has been refurbished this afternoon.✓ correcta
bThe shop has been refurbish this afternoon.
cThe shop has being refurbished this afternoon.
Por qué: La pasiva de presente perfecto se forma con “has been” + participio: “has been refurbished”. Las otras dos opciones tienen formas verbales incorrectas.
15Pronombres relativos
This is the girl to ___ my brother is engaged.
awhich
bthat
cwhom✓ correcta
Por qué: Tras una preposición (“to”) y refiriéndose a una persona, el pronombre relativo correcto es “whom”. “Which” es para cosas y “that” no se usa directamente tras preposición.
16Concordancia verbal
People ___ thinking about that all the time.
Por qué: “People” se trata gramaticalmente como plural en inglés, así que corresponde “are”, no “is” ni “was”.
17Verbos preposicionales
The policeman was ___ a proof of life.
alooked up
blook after
clooking for✓ correcta
Por qué: “Looking for” (buscando) encaja con el pasado continuo tras “was” y con el sentido de la frase: el policía estaba buscando una prueba de vida.
18Tiempos verbales
Last Monday her Polish friend ___ dancing before the DJ ___ her.
astarted/asked✓ correcta
bstart/asked
cstarted/ask
Por qué: “Last Monday” sitúa ambas acciones en pasado simple: “started” y “asked”.
19Genitivo sajón
Choose the correct order of the words to complete the sentence: These are my cousin and his wife. My cousin and his wife have a dog named Terry. Terry is ___.
amy cousin and his wife' dog
bmy cousin and his wife's dog✓ correcta
cmy cousin and his wife dog
Por qué: Cuando la posesión es compartida entre dos personas, el genitivo sajón se añade solo al último elemento: “my cousin and his wife's dog”.
20Orden de palabras
Choose the correct order of the words to complete the sentence: usually/in the/ building/reads /she/ newspaper /the
ain the building she reads the newspaper usually
bshe reads usually in the newspaper the building
cshe usually reads the newspaper in the building✓ correcta
Por qué: El orden natural es: sujeto (she) + adverbio de frecuencia (usually) + verbo (reads) + objeto (the newspaper) + lugar (in the building).
Ir a CazaPlazas