MAYO-JUNIO 2021 · MODELO AInglés
20 preguntas · respuesta correcta señalada y explicada paso a paso
El encabezado original de este examen indica “Junio 2020”, aunque corresponde a la convocatoria de Mayo-Junio 2021 según el archivo con el que fue proporcionado.
TEXTO DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA
The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris. It was built between 1887 and 1889 to be the entrance way to the 1889 World's Fair and to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. The tower was opened to visitors on May 6th, 1889.
Gustave Eiffel's design was chosen unanimously from about 700 that were submitted to the Fair's design competition. However, many Parisians did not like his design and protested against the construction of the tower. They thought it would be an eyesore, but when it was finally built, they liked it very much.
It is made of iron and weighs over 7,000 tons. Many of the scientific principles used in its design and construction are still used nowadays to build modern skyscrapers. Over 40 tons of paint are applied to it every seven years to prevent rusting. It has a staircase with 1,665 steps. There are also elevators to take the visitors up to the platforms which have a fantastic view of Paris. The original elevators, now computerized, are still in use.
Originally, the Eiffel Tower was built to stay in its place only for twenty years, but its antenna saved it from being demolished in 1909. Telegraph companies were using it then, and since that time it has become part of the French communication systems, including radio and television services.
The tower has also become the symbol of Paris. It is one of the most famous monuments in Europe and many people think it is an architectural masterpiece. In 2000, a new lighting system was installed and every night there is a light show for the appeal of the capital, both for Parisians and for visitors.
01Comprensión lectora
Which sentence is true, according to the text?
aEverybody liked Eiffel's design from the beginning.
bThe experts who chose it and the public did not agree at first.✓ correcta
cNobody really liked the tower to start with.
Por qué: El jurado eligió el diseño de Eiffel por unanimidad, pero muchos parisinos lo rechazaban al principio (“many Parisians did not like his design”) — es decir, expertos y público no estaban de acuerdo al inicio, aunque luego el público también acabó gustándole.
02Comprensión lectora
What is the meaning of the expression “it would be an eyesore”?
aIt would be a very unusual building.
bIt would be a very ugly building.✓ correcta
cIt would be a useless building.
Por qué: “Eyesore” significa algo feo y desagradable a la vista, es decir, pensaban que la torre sería un edificio muy feo.
03Comprensión lectora
If you want to go up the Eiffel Tower, you …
ahave to climb up 1,665 steps.
bmust take an elevator.
ccan walk up or take an elevator.✓ correcta
Por qué: El texto menciona tanto la escalera de 1.665 escalones como los ascensores, así que hay dos formas de subir: a pie o en ascensor.
04Comprensión lectora
Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the text?
aThe tower was built with a double purpose.
bEiffel's building principles are still in use nowadays.
cThe tower is only used by tourists now.✓ correcta
Por qué: El texto dice que la torre forma parte de los sistemas de comunicación franceses (radio, televisión), no que la usen solo los turistas — esa es la afirmación falsa.
05Comprensión lectora
As of 2000, the tower …
awelcomes both people from Paris and tourists.
bhas a new system of illumination.✓ correcta
chas become a symbol of Paris.
Por qué: El texto dice específicamente que en el año 2000 se instaló un nuevo sistema de iluminación (“a new lighting system was installed”); las otras dos afirmaciones son ciertas pero no están ligadas a esa fecha concreta.
06Tiempos verbales
Johnny ___ yesterday afternoon and we ___ happy to see him.
acome / were
bcame / were✓ correcta
cis coming / were
Por qué: “Yesterday afternoon” indica pasado, así que ambos verbos van en pasado simple: “came” y “were”.
07Tiempos verbales
Alice ___ a long letter when we ___ home last week.
ais writing / arrived
bwas writing / arrived✓ correcta
cwas written / arrived
Por qué: Una acción en curso en el pasado (“was writing”) interrumpida por otra acción puntual (“arrived”) es el uso clásico del pasado continuo + pasado simple con “when”.
08Modales
You ___ to go home right now if you don't want.
ahaven't
bdon't have✓ correcta
cdidn't have
Por qué: “Don't have to” expresa ausencia de obligación en presente (no es necesario que te vayas), que es el sentido de la frase.
09Vocabulario
British history is my favourite area of …
ainvestigate.
binventory.
cresearch.✓ correcta
Por qué: “Research” (investigación) es el sustantivo correcto para “área de investigación”. “Investigate” es un verbo y “inventory” significa “inventario”.
10Modales
“___ I please sit down, Mr Smith?” asked John very politely.
Por qué: “May” se usa para pedir permiso educadamente, coherente con “asked... very politely”.
11Vocabulario
The ships were defeated by just bad ___ in that battle.
aclimates
btime
cweather✓ correcta
Por qué: “Weather” (tiempo atmosférico) es lo que puede derrotar a unos barcos en una batalla (una tormenta, por ejemplo); “climate” es el clima a largo plazo de una región, no un evento puntual.
12Comparativos y superlativos
Oxford Street is one of … streets in London.
athe most popular✓ correcta
bmore popular
cthe more popular
Por qué: “One of the + superlativo + plural” es la estructura correcta: “one of the most popular streets”.
13Verbos preposicionales
They … their sister on the road at 9 p.m.
apicked up✓ correcta
bpicked down
cpicked off
Por qué: “Pick up” es el phrasal verb correcto para “recoger” a alguien en coche.
14Preposiciones
My whole family arrived … Monday.
Por qué: Con días de la semana se usa la preposición “on”: “on Monday”.
15Genitivo sajón
We had a drink with …
asome Mary's friends.
bsome friends of Mary.
csome friends of Mary's.✓ correcta
Por qué: El genitivo doble (“double genitive”) “some friends of Mary's” es la forma correcta cuando se usa “some” antes de “friends of”.
16Vocabulario
Elizabeth takes three difficult … at Harvard this semester. She works really hard!
asignatures
btests✓ correcta
cfirms
Por qué: “Tests” (o asignaturas/exámenes) encaja con el contexto universitario; “signatures” es “firmas” y “firms” es “empresas”, ninguna tiene sentido aquí.
17Voz pasiva
Seleccione la opción correcta:
aHas John being introduced to her mom?
bHas John been introduced to her mom?✓ correcta
cHas John be introduced to her mom?
Por qué: La pasiva de presente perfecto en pregunta se forma con “Has” + sujeto + “been” + participio: “Has John been introduced...?”.
18Voz pasiva
Seleccione la opción correcta:
aThe museum can be visit everyday.
bThe museum can been visited everyday.
cThe museum can be visited everyday.✓ correcta
Por qué: La pasiva con modal se forma con “can be” + participio: “can be visited”.
19Pronombres relativos
Seleccione la opción correcta:
aThis is the office in which he works.✓ correcta
bThis is the office in that he works.
cThis is the office which he works.
Por qué: Tras una preposición (“in”) el pronombre relativo correcto para cosas es “which”, nunca “that”: “the office in which he works”.
20Orden de palabras
Order the sentence: / them / to scrutinize / every year / detectives / their boss / pays /
aEvery year their boss pays detectives to scrutinize them.✓ correcta
bDetectives pays their boss to scrutinize them every year.
cTheir boss every year to scrutinize them pays detectives.
Por qué: El orden natural es: tiempo (every year) + sujeto (their boss) + verbo (pays) + objeto (detectives) + finalidad (to scrutinize them).
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