SEPTIEMBRE 2022 · MODELO AInglés
20 preguntas · respuesta correcta señalada y explicada paso a paso
TEXTO DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA
English Language Day was first celebrated in 2010, together with Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish Language Day. These are the six official languages of the United Nations, and each has a special day. They are made with a purpose: to raise awareness of the history, culture and achievements of these languages.
April 23rd was chosen because it is thought to be Shakespeare's birthday, though there are no written records of his birth, only of his baptism, and the anniversary of his death. As well as being the English language's most famous playwright, and one of the most represented even today, Shakespeare also had a huge impact on modern-day English. In the 16th and 17th centuries, English was going through a lot of changes and Shakespeare's creativity with language meant that he contributed to English with hundreds of new words and phrases that are still used today. For example, the words 'gossip', 'fashionable' and 'lonely' were all first used by Shakespeare. He also invented phrases like 'break the ice' and 'love is blind'.
The story of English began in the 5th century when Germanic tribes invaded Celtic-speaking Britain and brought their languages with them. Later, Scandinavian Vikings invaded and settled with their languages too. In 1066 the Norman king William I became king of England, and Norman-French became the language of the courts and official activity. People couldn't understand each other at first, because the lower classes continued to use English while the upper classes spoke French, but gradually French began to influence English. An estimated forty-five per cent of all English words have a French origin. By Shakespeare's time, Modern English had developed, printing had been invented and people had to agree on correct spelling and vocabulary, so we can see the invention of the printing press had a definite impact on the normalisation of the language.
01Comprensión lectora
What is the meaning of “to raise awareness” in this text?
ato make people conscious of their importance✓ correcta
bto advise people to study these languages
cto improve the quality of teaching these languages
Por qué: El texto dice que los días de las lenguas se crearon “to raise awareness of the history, culture and achievements” — es decir, para que la gente sea consciente de su importancia, no para aconsejar estudiarlas ni para mejorar su enseñanza.
02Comprensión lectora
Which of these facts about Shakespeare is not absolutely certain, according to the text?
aHe died on the 23rd of April.
bHe was born on the 23rd of April.✓ correcta
cHe was a playwright.
Por qué: El texto dice literalmente que no hay registros escritos de su nacimiento (“there are no written records of his birth, only of his baptism”), así que su fecha de nacimiento exacta no es un hecho totalmente seguro; su muerte y su profesión sí se dan como ciertas.
03Comprensión lectora
Why does the text say that Shakespeare had great creativity?
aBecause he was a great writer.
bBecause nowadays we still use some of the words and phrases he created.✓ correcta
cBecause his plays are still shown today.
Por qué: El texto vincula su creatividad directamente con las palabras y frases que inventó y que siguen usándose hoy (“gossip”, “fashionable”, “lonely”, “break the ice”...), no con que sus obras se sigan representando.
04Comprensión lectora
Which of these sentences is NOT true, according to the text?
aBefore 1066, people spoke languages different from English in Britain.
bAfter 1066, for some time two languages co-existed, French and English.
cOnly rich people spoke English after 1066.✓ correcta
Por qué: El texto dice que tras 1066 las clases bajas siguieron usando inglés mientras las altas hablaban francés, así que el inglés lo seguía hablando la gente humilde, no solo los ricos: la opción c) es la falsa.
05Comprensión lectora
Which of the following options does NOT imply “to agree on” in paragraph 3?
ato reach a common decision
bto come to an understanding
cto offer various opinions✓ correcta
Por qué: “Agree on” implica llegar a un acuerdo o entendimiento común (opciones a y b); “ofrecer varias opiniones” es justo lo contrario, no implica consenso.
06Tiempos verbales
The Eskimos ___ that territory before the Vikings ___.
ainhabited/will arrive
binhabit/arrived
cinhabited/arrived✓ correcta
Por qué: Ambas acciones son pasadas: los esquimales habitaban el territorio (“inhabited”) antes de que los vikingos llegaran (“arrived”).
07Tiempos verbales
The Parkers ___ their cottage in Surrey last month before the Friars ___ theirs.
arefurbished/painted✓ correcta
bhave refurbished/painted
crefurbished/have painted
Por qué: “Last month” sitúa la acción en un pasado concreto y terminado, así que ambos verbos van en pasado simple: “refurbished” y “painted”.
08Modales
I ___ sing opera when I was seventeen. I had really powerful vocal cords!
acan
bmust
ccould✓ correcta
Por qué: Para hablar de una capacidad en el pasado (“cuando tenía 17 años”) se usa “could”, el pasado de “can”. “Can” es presente y “must” expresa obligación, no capacidad.
09Modales
“___ I take that chair, Your Majesty?” asked her butler very politely.
aHave
bMay✓ correcta
cCannot
Por qué: “May” se usa para pedir permiso de forma educada (“¿Puedo tomar esa silla?”), justo el tono formal que describe la frase (“asked... very politely”).
10Vocabulario
There are two ___ in the living room waiting for you.
amister
bgentlemen✓ correcta
cgentlemens
Por qué: El plural irregular de “gentleman” es “gentlemen”. “Mister” no es un sustantivo contable de este tipo y “gentlemens” no es una forma correcta.
11Vocabulario
At school we have a ___ for lunch.
atime's
bstop
cbreak✓ correcta
Por qué: “Break” es el descanso o recreo, la palabra habitual para referirse al tiempo de comer en el colegio. “Stop” es una parada y “time's” no encaja gramaticalmente.
12Comparativos y superlativos
That girl is ___ than her mother.
amore tall
btaller✓ correcta
cmore taller
Por qué: “Tall” es un adjetivo corto de una sílaba, así que su comparativo se forma con “-er”: “taller”. “More tall” y “more taller” son formas incorrectas.
13Voz pasiva
Seleccione la opción más correcta:
aKensington Palace will redecorate next week.
bKensington Palace will be redecorated next week.✓ correcta
cKensington Palace will been redecorated next week.
Por qué: El palacio no redecora, es redecorado (voz pasiva): “will be redecorated”. “Will redecorate” estaría en activa (sujeto que actúa) y “will been redecorated” no es una forma verbal correcta.
14Oraciones condicionales
Seleccione la opción más correcta:
aIf Mary comes later, we will call up my neighbour next door to say hello.✓ correcta
bIf Mary comes later, we were to call up my neighbour next door to say hello.
cIf Mary comes later, we called up my neighbour next door to say hello.
Por qué: Es un primer condicional: “if” + presente simple (“comes”) en la condición, y futuro simple (“will call up”) en la consecuencia.
15Verbos preposicionales
Seleccione la opción más correcta:
aThat man took off his hat when he entered the room. He was very polite.✓ correcta
bThat man took away his hat when he entered the room. He was very polite.
cThat man took at his hat when he entered the room. He was very polite.
Por qué: “Take off” es el phrasal verb correcto para “quitarse” algo que se lleva puesto, como un sombrero. “Take away” es “llevarse” y “take at” no existe.
16Preposiciones
My aunt Elizabeth was born ___ a big city called Boston ___ March 1940.
aat/in
bin/in✓ correcta
cat/on
Por qué: Con ciudades se usa “in” (in Boston) y con meses/años también “in” (in March 1940).
17Pronombres relativos
Seleccione la opción más correcta:
aCharlie, who makes millions per year, has an apartment in Manhattan.✓ correcta
bCharlie, whom makes millions per year, has an apartment in Manhattan.
cCharlie, which makes millions per year, has an apartment in Manhattan.
Por qué: Como sujeto de la oración de relativo y refiriéndose a una persona, corresponde “who” (no “whom”, que es para objeto, ni “which”, que es para cosas).
18Genitivo sajón
Mr Grass has a sister named Anna. Anna is ___.
aMr Grass's sister✓ correcta
bsister of Mr Grass's
cMr Grass sister
Por qué: El genitivo sajón correcto para expresar posesión es “Mr Grass's sister”. Las otras dos opciones no son construcciones correctas en inglés.
19Vocabulario
The room smelt wonderfully. His mom uses a nice ___.
aair freshener✓ correcta
bair refreshener
cair refreshening
Por qué: “Air freshener” es el ambientador, la palabra correcta en inglés. Las otras dos son formas inventadas que no existen.
20Orden de palabras
Order the sentence: / Last month / the architects / designed / that new office / in central London / very quickly /
aLast month the architects designed that new office very quickly in central London.✓ correcta
bThe architects last month designed very quickly in central London that new office.
cIn central London the architects very quickly designed last month that new office.
Por qué: El orden natural en inglés es: tiempo al principio (Last month) + sujeto (the architects) + verbo (designed) + objeto (that new office) + modo (very quickly) + lugar (in central London).
Ir a CazaPlazas